IPv6 Address Breakdown- Understanding IP

The final thing that you need to understand about IPv6 is how the address breaks down. As I have stated previously, there are different sections of an IPv6 address. For example, the first group of numbers can show you the site prefix and what type of message that you are dealing with. The ending part of the IPv6 address shows the computer’s interface ID. So, let’s take a look at an IPv6 address and how each section shows you about the network and computer system:

2001:0db8:6d4c:2116:0000:0000:1996:5acb

In this IPv6 address, there are actually multiple sections. As I have stated, an IPv6 address is 128 bits. The first 64 bits explain the Site Prefix and Subnet ID and the final 64 bits shows the Interface ID.

So, using the previous IPv6 address, let’s break down the sections:

      2001:0db8:6d4c:2116      :            0000:0000:1996:5acb

     64 bits                                           64 bits

       2001:0db8:6d4c :           2116     :         0000:0000:1996:5acb

     Site Prefix Subnet ID        Interface ID

Summary

In this chapter, I explained the importance of properly configuring both computer ports and using the IP protocol. Knowing the most common computer ports is very important when configuring both computers and firewalls.

The Internet Protocol (IP) is the primary protocol in use today. I showed how the 32- bit  IPv4 address is a structured and hierarchical one that is used to identify uniquely every machine on a network. You learned how to determine available IP addresses and implement subnetting.

In addition, you learned how the new layer 3 IPv6 protocol is implemented, including the structure of the IPv6 address. Finally, I discussed the new functionality included in IPv6 addressing as well as several Windows Server 2022 integration/migration implementations.

Exam Essentials

Know the most commonly used port numbers. When making a connection, the client chooses a source port for the communication that is usually in the range 1024–65535 (or sometimes in the range 1–65535). This source port then communicates with a destination port on the server side.

Understand what subnetting is and when to use it. If an organization is large and has many computers or if its computers are geographically dispersed, it’s sensible to divide its large network into smaller ones connected by routers. These smaller networks are called subnets. Subnetting is the process of carving a single IP network into smaller, logical subnetworks.

Understand subnet masks. For the subnet address scheme to work, every machine on the network must know which part of the host address will be used as the subnet address. The network administrator creates a 32- bit subnet mask consisting of 1s and 0s. The 1s in the subnet mask represent the positions that refer to the network or subnet addresses. The 0s represent the positions that refer to the host portion of the address.

Understand IPv6. Understand the structure of an IPv6 address and how it’s displayed. Know the shortcuts and rules (such as for displaying 0s) for writing IPv6 addresses. Know the integration/migration components for IPv6 included in Windows Server 2022, including tunneling and dual stack.

Review Questions

  1. Your company has a main office and a branch office. The two offices are connected by using a WAN link. Each office contains a firewall that filters WAN traffic. The network in the branch office contains 10 servers that run Windows Server 2022. You need to configure the firewall in the branch office to allow for secure inbound connections. Which inbound TCP port should you allow?
    A. 443
    B. 80
    C. 20
    D. 21
  2. Your network contains an Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS) domain named WillPanek.com. You need to configure the server port to allow for Secure Shell (SSH).
    Solution: On the server’s firewall, you configure ports 20 and 21 for both inbound and outbound communications. Does this meet the goal?
    A. Yes
    B. No
  3. Your network contains multiple Exchange servers located in multiple locations. You need to configure the server port to allow for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP).
    Solution: On the Exchange servers, you configure port 53 for both inbound and outbound communications. Does this meet the goal?
    A. Yes
    B. No
  4. Your network contains multiple clients that use external mail servers. You need to configure the firewall port to allow for Post Office Protocol version 3 (POP3).
    Solution: On the firewall, you configure port 110 for both inbound and outbound communications. Does this meet the goal?
    A. Yes
    B. No
  5. You are the network administrator for ABC Company. You have an IPv6 prefix of 2001:DB8:BBCC:0000::/53, and you need to set up your network so that your IPv6 addressing scheme can handle 1,000 more subnets. Which network mask would you use?
    A. /60
    B. /61
    C. /62
    D. /63
    E. /64
  6. You are the network administrator for WillPanek.com Corporation. WillPanek.com has a Windows Server 2022 machine that needs to be able to communicate with all computers on the internal network. WillPanek.com has decided to add 15 new segments to its IPv6 network. How would you configure the IPv6 so that the server can communicate with all the segments?
    A. Configure the IPv6 address as fd00::2b0:e0ff:dee9:4143/8.
    B. Configure the IPv6 address as fe80::2b0:e0ff:dee9:4143/32.
    C. Configure the IPv6 address as ff80::2b0:e0ff:dee9:4143/64.
    D. Configure the IPv6 address as fe80::2b0:e0ff:dee9:4143/64.
  7. You are the network administrator for a mid- sized organization that has installed Windows Server 2022 onto the network. You are thinking of moving all machines to Windows 10 and IPv6. You decide to set up a test environment with four subnets. What type of IPv6 addresses do you need to set up?
    A. Global addresses
    B. Link- local addresses
    C. Unique local addresses
    D. Site- local addresses
  8. You have a large IP- routed network using the address 137.25.0.0; it is composed of 20 subnets, with a maximum of 300 hosts on each subnet. Your company continues on a merger- and- acquisitions spree, and your manager has told you to prepare for an increase to 50 subnets, with some containing more than 600 hosts. Using the existing network address, which of the following subnet masks would work for the requirement set by your manager?
    A. 255.255.252.0
    B. 255.255.254.0
    C. 255.255.248.0
    D. 255.255.240.0
  9. Your company is growing dramatically via acquisitions of other companies. As the network administrator, you need to keep up with the changes because they affect the workstations and you need to support them. When you started, there were 15 locations connected via routers, and now there are 25. As new companies are acquired, they are migrated to Windows Server 2022 and brought into the same domain as another site. Management says that they are going to acquire at least 10 more companies in the next two years. The engineers have also told you that they are redesigning the company’s Class B address into an IP addressing scheme that will support these requirements and that there will never be more than 1,000 network devices on any subnet. What is the appropriate subnet mask to support this network when the changes are completed?
    A. 255.255.252.0
    B. 255.255.248.0
    C. 255.255.255.0
    D. 255.255.255.128

  1. You work for a small printing company that has 75 workstations. Most of them run standard office applications such as word processing, spreadsheet, and accounting programs. Fifteen of the workstations are constantly processing huge graphics files and then sending print jobs to industrial- sized laser printers. The performance of the network has always been an issue, but you have never addressed it. You have now migrated your network to Windows 10 and Windows Server 2022 and have decided to take advantage of the routing capability built into Windows Server 2022. You choose the appropriate server and place two NICs in the machine, but you realize that you have only one network address, 201.102.34.0, which you obtained years ago. How should you subnet this address to segment the bandwidth hogs from the rest of the network while giving everyone access to the entire network?
    A. 255.255.255.192
    B. 255.255.255.224
    C. 255.255.255.252
    D. 255.255.255.240
  2. You work for Carpathian Worldwide Enterprises, which has more than 50 administrative and manufacturing locations around the world. The size of these organizations varies greatly, with the number of computers per location ranging from 15 to slightly fewer than 1,000. The sales operations use more than 1,000 facilities, each of which contains 2 to 5 computers. Carpathian is also in merger talks with another large organization. If the merger materializes as planned, you will have to accommodate another 100 manufacturing and administrative locations, each with a maximum of 600 computers, as well as 2,000 additional sales facilities. You don’t have any numbers for the future growth of the company, but you are told to keep growth in mind. You decide to implement a private addressing plan for the entire organization. More than half of your routers don’t support Variable Length Subnet Masking. Which subnet masks would work for this situation? (Choose all that apply.)
    A. 255.255.224.0
    B. 255.255.240.0
    C. 255.255.248.0
    D. 255.255.252.0
    E. 255.255.254.0
  3. Which of the following subnet masks are represented with the CIDR of /27?
    A. 255.255.255.254
    B. 255.255.255.248
    C. 255.255.255.224
    D. 255.255.255.240
  4. You have 3,500 client computers on a single subnet. You need to select a subnet mask that will support all the client computers. You need to minimize the number of unused addresses. Which subnet mask should you choose?
    A. 255.255.248.0
    B. 255.255.254.0
    C. 255.255.240.0
    D. 255.255.252.0
  5. You ask one of your technicians to get the IPv6 address of a new Windows Server 2022 machine, and she hands you a note with FE80::0203:FFFF:FE11:2CD on it. What can you tell from this address? (Choose two.)
    A. This is a globally unique IPv6 address.
    B. This is a link- local IPv6 address.
    C. This is a multicast IPv6 address.
    D. In EUI- 64 format, you can see the MAC address of the node.
    E. In EUI- 64 format, you can see the IPv4 address of the node.
  6. Your network contains an Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS) domain named WillPanek.com. You need to configure the server port to allow for DNS communications. Solution: On the server’s firewall, you configure port 80 for both inbound and outbound communications. Does this meet the goal?
    A. Yes
    B. No

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